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Influenza

An estimated 25-50 million cases of influenza (or the flu) are reported every year in the United States. Out of these cases, 150,000 are hospitalized and approximately 30,000-40,000 die annually. Globally, more than one billion cases of flu are reported and approximately three to five million of these are severe. Influenza is an acute, highly contagious infection of the respiratory tract that commonly occurs during winter.


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Causes and Risk Factors

Influenza is caused by three types (strains) of viruses: influenza A, B, and C. Influenza A and C infect multiple species whereas influenza B usually affects only human beings. Type A is associated with worldwide epidemics of influenza and B typically leads to smaller, more localized outbreaks. Type C influenza viruses have never been associated with a large epidemic and are responsible for causing mild respiratory infections similar to the common cold.

As mentioned earlier, influenza is a highly contagious infection. The flu virus can spread in the form of airborne droplets that are dispersed in the air by coughing or sneezing. Inhaling these contaminated droplets can immediately infect a healthy individual. Here are some of the risk factors of influenza:

Age: Anyone can be affected by influenza but children and elderly people (65 years or older) may develop serious complications. Pregnant women are also equally at risk.
Close contact with infected individual: Touching or sharing clothes, utensils, or other objects used by the infected individual may increase the risk of contracting influenza.
Existing health conditions: People suffering from chronic health conditions (such as heart or lung problems) may easily become afflicted by the flu. People with kidney disorders, diabetes, and immunodeficiency disorders like HIV are also risk prone.
Seasonal factors: Influenza virus is most active during the chilly winter months, particularly from December to March.

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