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Boils

Boils or skin abscesses are painful, pus-filled bumps that appear on the surface of the skin. They typically emerge when hair follicles become infected by bacteria and ultimately lead to inflammation of the skin.

Boils may appear anywhere on the skin but they typically form on the face, neck, armpits, buttocks or thighs, wherein excessive hair follicles and sweat glands aggravate the condition. Boils that occur in clusters are known as carbuncles.

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Causes and Risk Factors

Boils usually develop when one or more hair follicles are infected by staph bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). These bacteria usually enter through an open cut, a scratch or any other abrasion on the skin and infect the underlying hair follicle. Some types of boils are also caused by ingrown hair. Cystic acne, which infects the oil ducts, can also lead to the formation of boils.

Here are some risk factors that may cause boils to erupt on the skin:

Ailments such as diabetes, kidney failure, constipation
Disorders of the immune system
Poor nutrition
Inflammation in sweat glands
Medications such as prednisone, prednisolone and those used in chemotherapy to cure cancer
Poor hygiene
Exposure to toxic or abrasive chemicals that irritate the skin


The staph bacteria can also enter the skin through a break in the skin’s surface that is caused by needle punctures for insulin or drug injections. Hair follicles that are blocked by greasy lotions, petroleum jelly, or makeup products are more vulnerable to infection development. The infection may also spread by sharing cosmetics or washcloths, by close human contact, or by contact with pus that is released from a boil or a carbuncle.


The utilization of poor hygiene practices, such as wearing unclean or unwashed clothing and the improper and ineffectual cleaning of the armpits, groin and genitals, also lead to body odor.

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