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Heartburn


Occasionally, while you begin to relax after consuming a large meal, you start to feel excruciating pain in the esophagus, just below the breastbone. This sensation of warmth or of burning in the chest is called heartburn. Despite its name, heartburn does not involve the heart. Heartburn is relatively common and if it only occurs sporadically, then there is hardly anything to worry about. However, frequent heartburn should be examined by a doctor and requires medical intervention.



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Causes and Risk Factors

The stomach acids are held in the stomach by a muscular valve known as the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The LES is located at the border of the esophagus and the stomach, below the rib cage and slightly to the left. It opens to allow food and liquids into the stomach or to permit belching, and it closes afterwards. If the LES opens too often or does not close tightly enough, stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing heartburn. The acid backup becomes even worse if the individual who is suffering is lying down or bent over. Chronic heartburn can indicate serious problems and can manifest into gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Some factors that can aggravate heartburn are:

Side effects of certain medications (such as tricyclic antidepressants and anticholinergics)
Pregnancy
Smoking
Stress
Consuming spicy foods, fatty foods, chocolate, caffeine, onions, garlic, tomato sauce, carbonated beverages, and alcohol
Heavy meals
Lying down immediately after consuming a meal

Individuals who suffer from hiatal hernia, a disorder wherein the top portion of the stomach is jutting upward into the chest cavity, are more susceptible to suffering from heartburn. Additionally, medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, obesity, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome can also cause heartburn.

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